04/28/2025
A comparison of electrical engineering vs. mechanical engineering shows the vast applications of engineering. Engineering roles use math and science to develop solutions.
Mechanical engineering focuses on maintaining and improving mechanical equipment like industrial machinery, while electrical engineering centers on the design and development of electrical systems and technologies that power modern life. Both engineering fields require problem-solving skills to make systems work better.
Mechanical engineers design, produce, test, install, repair, operate, and enhance machinery. Those who specialize in mechanical engineering apply the fundamental laws of nature to the creation and advancement of technology. It incorporates principles of physics, materials science, and thermodynamics.
Electrical engineers work with electrical circuits, power generation, and control systems. The field of electrical engineering incorporates principles of electromagnetism, designing electrical systems, and troubleshooting lighting and wiring problems.
Both fields require a strong foundation in math, science, and computer skills. These engineers are essential in modern technology and innovations, from electric cars to robotics.
Core Skills in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Mechanical and electrical engineering fields use problem-solving skills, design, systems analysis, and leadership skills. Communication is an essential skill for electrical engineers and mechanical engineers. Working closely with technicians and other types of engineers requires teamwork, continued learning, and collaboration.
Mechanical Engineering Focus
Mechanical engineers learn advanced mathematics and mechanical skills. They approach projects from a range of perspectives, from designing blueprints to installing, operating, and repairing machines. Their work often involves advanced calculations and Computer-Aided Design (CAD), which is a special software for designing products. Common CAD programs for engineers include SOLIDWORKS®, FreeCAD, and AutoCAD®.
Mechanical engineering skills may be used in building and repairing internal combustion engines, steam and gas turbines, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. To complete these tasks, mechanical engineers need a strong understanding of fluid dynamics, movement, force, inertia, and materials science and physical properties.
Mechanical engineering duties include maintaining engines, machines, tools and other equipment that involves heat, steam, gas and water systems. For example, mechanical engineers design and test mechanical and thermal sensors and devices. They also design and repair elevators, escalators, conveyor belts, and automated transfer stations.
Electrical Engineering Focus
Electrical engineers often focus on design, mathematics, and electronic theory in their work. They complete tasks such as developing technical drawings or blueprints. Electrical engineering occupations often involve circuit design, using programming languages like Python®, MATLAB®, C++ as well as signal processing.
Electrical engineers focus on electric power generation, transmission and distribution. These professionals design, develop, and test electrical systems, such as electric motors, control installations for dams, lighting and wiring, power generation equipment and navigation systems. They also define the parameters for safety standards for each of these systems.
These systems may be found in electrical components of cars, fire alarms, airplanes and other systems designed for commercial, industrial, scientific and military use. Electrical engineers working for the federal government may do research on electric devices found in satellites, radar and sonar systems, and flight systems.
Education Requirements for Mechanical and Electrical Engineers
Most employers expect both electrical and mechanical engineers to have at least a bachelor’s degree from a school accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (A.B.E.T.®). Engineering programs typically involve a blend of coursework and laboratory research. Students will develop math, science, design and computer skills. Some engineers pursue a master’s degree to deepen their expertise through advanced coursework and hands-on research.
Electrical Engineering Degrees & Programs
Electrical engineers often obtain a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering, electronics engineering, or another engineering field. For example, American Public University (APU) offers a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (B.S.E.E.). This degree focuses on theories, competencies, ethics and tools designed to find technical solutions.
The coursework includes analog circuit design, drafting, digital systems design, differential equations, circuit analysis, energy conversion and transport, electromagnetic field theory, passive microwave circuit analysis, and radar and RF signal propagation, transmission and reception.
Mechanical Engineering Degrees & Programs
A mechanical engineering degree typically takes four to five years of full-time study in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technologies and results in a bachelor of science degree. Mechanical engineering classes introduce students to principles of motion and energy, and fluid, solid and thermal mechanics. Coursework may include:
- Thermodynamics
- Environmental scienc
- Structures and machines
- Computer-aided design
- Motion and power transmission
Continued Education & Training
Both mechanical engineers and electrical engineers may choose to complete an internship or cooperative engineering program, before pursuing a formal role. Some schools offer a five or six year program in electrical or mechanical engineering, which provides graduates with a bachelor's degree and a master's degree. This type of graduate program may allow students to complete research and development projects and work as an instructor.
In addition to an electrical engineering degree from American Public University (APU), additional programs, and field experience, some formal engineering positions may require passing an exam and obtaining the following licenses:
- Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) license
- Professional Engineer (PE) license + four years of work experience
Career Outlook for Mechanical and Electrical Engineers
The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects employment for both mechanical and electrical engineers to remain steady over the next decade. Electrical engineering may experience a 9% growth by 2033, while mechanical engineering may increase by 11% in the same time period. The projected growth rate for electrical engineering and mechanical engineers is high, as the average growth rate for all occupations stands at 4%.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Electrical and mechanical engineers often work together on projects to design and produce new technologies, products, or systems. They use their skills and knowledge to create innovative solutions that combine electrical and mechanical systems. Understanding what the other role requires and the significant overlap can help engineers become better in their respective fields.
Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential in the development of complex systems and technologies. Projects with advanced technology, mechanical components, and electric systems often require expertise from both engineering disciplines. For example, elements of mechanical and electrical engineering are used in mechatronics, robotics, automation and control systems, and renewal energy.
Key Applications of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Mechanical engineers work on designing and testing mechanical systems, while electrical engineers work on designing and testing electrical systems. Both fields are essential in the development of modern technologies and innovations. While electrical engineers may focus on lab work or software development, mechanical engineers may focus on mechanical design or physical prototyping. Each field has unique applications.
| Mechanical Engineering Industries | Electrical Engineering Industries |
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Mechanical engineering has applications in automobiles, aerospace, robotics, energy systems, and manufacturing equipment. Working as a mechanical engineer may involve visiting worksites to maintain equipment, construction activities for hydraulic power systems or conducting research and development in laboratory settings.
Electrical engineering has applications in power generation and distribution, automation, embedded systems, and consumer electronics. The job may require maintenance of motors, controls, wiring, generators, and electricity transmission systems.
Some electrical engineering professionals analyze electrical specifications to ensure compliance or operating marine energy equipment. Other electrical engineering roles involve maintaining and manufacturing turbines' electrical components using SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems. SCADA is used in power, water, transportation, and manufacturing industries.
Job Growth in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Fields
Both fields have a wide range of job prospects and growth opportunities. There are an average of 19,000 projected job openings for electronics engineers every year, over the decade, compared slightly higher number, 19,800 projected job openings for mechanical engineers.
As innovations in complex automation machinery and manufacturing continue, the demand for mechanical engineers is projected to grow. The BLS projects that mechanical engineering employment in 2033 may be as high as 323,900.
Mechanical engineers may be employed in industries like automotive manufacturing, sustainable design, infrastructure, automation and even 3D printing. The largest employer of mechanical engineers in 2023 was architectural, engineering, and related services. Machinery manufacturing and transportation equipment manufacturing together employed 25% of mechanical engineers that same year.
Electrical engineers can work in a variety of industries, including renewable energy, medical, commercial, communications, industrial, manufacturing, distribution, military, and research. Electrical engineering jobs can be found in advanced technical roles working on AI, electric vehicles, smart grids, renewable energy, and even robotics.
The industry with the highest concentration of employment in electrical engineers is engineering services, electric power generation, transmission and distribution. Examples of career opportunities for electrical engineers include working for engineering services companies, conducting research on electronic devices for manufacturers, or in telecommunications for the federal government.
Choosing Between Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Mechanical and electrical engineering are two distinct fields that require problem-solving skills, communication, and leadership skills. Both engineering fields require application of complex theories, advanced calculations, and technical abilities to complete tasks ranging from circuit design to manufacturing mechanical systems. Both fields are essential in the development of modern technologies and innovations, like AI, robotics, aerospace, renewable, energy, electric vehicles, and consumer electronics.
While mechanical engineers may have a stronger interest in the study of physics and thermodynamics, someone who chooses electrical engineering may find power generation, circuit design, and electrical systems more intriguing. Some electrical engineering opportunities may include scientific or technical services firm role such as working on electric devices. Someone with an interest in mechanical engineering may consider roles overseeing the installing, operation and repair of HVAC systems.
Understanding the differences and similarities between mechanical and electrical engineering can help individuals choose the right career path. Both fields have a wide range of job prospects and growth opportunities in rapidly advancing areas of technology. These individual engineering fields as well as the interdisciplinary collaboration of both specialties make for problem-solving powerhouses and the continued development of the complex systems that make machines run and lights turn on.
If you're ready to take the next step, read our comprehensive guide "How To Become An Electrical Engineer" to learn more about the skills, education, and experience needed for this role.
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